Predatory Lending

Putting the “Payday” in “Payday Loan”

Christina Latta Henry |  | Bankruptcy, Chapter 13, Chapter 7, Predatory Lending

This is interesting:

Lobbying expenditures from the payday loan industry more than doubled from $2,045,000 in the 109th Congress to $4,182,550 in the 110th Congress, according to a new report from Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW).

The report, released Tuesday, finds that federal campaign donations by the employees and political action committees of 13 industry companies and trade associations “jumped 80% between the 2006 and 2010 midterm election cycles.”

The top three recipients, and five of the top nine, were Democrats–not particularly surprising, perhaps, because the Democrats were in charge during the last Congress, but discouraging for a party that’s supposed to be on the side of consumers. It will be interesting to see how things change this cycle.

The full report is here.

Carper Amendment Passes, Gutting Financial Reform Bill

Christina Latta Henry |  | Current Events, Predatory Lending, The Economy

Congress will try to tell you that it is on the verge of passing major reform that will help consumers and avoid “too big to fail” and other sound bites that the public will think are important. What the press and Congress will fail to tell you is that yesterday they gutted any real reform for consumers in this bill by passing the Carper Amendment, allowing federal preemption of state consumer protection laws against federally insured banks.

I do not believe that one federal Consumer Financial Protection Agency would have more power than 50 attorneys general and private attorneys enforcing state consumer protection laws against banks. Washington state was only able to stop predatory lending practices against Ameriquest and Household Finance on behalf of state residents because those companies were not federally insured banks. If our Attorney General had been able to sue WAMU on behalf of Washington state citizens or other banks that were swindling their clients, perhaps there would not have been a financial meltdown that almost caused another great depression.

For more information, see these articles from the Huffington Post‘s Stacy Mitchell:

And Speaking of Payday Lenders…

Christina Latta Henry |  | Bankruptcy, Chapter 13, Chapter 7, Current Events, Predatory Lending

From today’s Washington Post:

Payday lenders and check cashers fight financial reform legislation in Congress

Payday lenders and check cashers blanketed Capitol Hill last week to challenge the scope of the financial reforms under debate in Congress and combat the industry’s reputation as the pariahs of the financial system.

During the “Hill Blitz” organized by the Financial Service Centers of America, a trade group, about 40 industry executives pushed to exempt check cashing from the purview of a proposed bureau that would oversee consumer financial products. Meanwhile, Democrats launched a new effort to contain the industry by limiting the number of payday loans that consumers can take out.

Reuters economic blogger Felix Salmon notes the inherent ridiculousness of passing “regulatory” legislation that would specifically exempt some of the worst offenders.

Check Into Cash CEO, A Millionaire through Payday Loans

Christina Latta Henry |  | Bankruptcy, Chapter 13, Chapter 7, Predatory Lending

If you have seven and a half minutes to kill, check out this great look at the payday lending industry from MSNBC’s The Rachel Maddow Show. The segment focuses on Allan Jones, CEO of Check into Cash, the national payday lending chain I’ve taken to court (and beaten!). Jones is a piece of work. In between playing with his $300,000 car, his $24 million yacht, the regulation-sized football field in his back yard, and his three-story treehouse, he takes to his company’s blog to complain about how rough the payday lending industry has it. Enjoy.

Visit msnbc.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy

Fighting Against Payday Lenders

Christina Latta Henry |  | Bankruptcy, Current Events, Predatory Lending

When a debtor files for bankruptcy, the very first thing that happens is an automatic stay, which prevents creditors from attempting to collect from you while the bankruptcy process proceeds. Last year, an influential case, In re Meadows, came out of the Sixth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel saying that a payday lender can cash a post-dated check given to it by a debtor at the time of the loan, even after the debtor has filed bankruptcy. At Seattle Debt Law, we believe this decision is incorrect: cashing such a check should be considered a violation of the automatic stay. The court in that decision found that there was an exception to the automatic stay in a case where a creditor is “negotiating”—cashing—a check.

Our interest in the Meadows decision was piqued a few months ago when one of our Chapter 7 bankruptcy clients was the victim of a payday lender who took the money from her account over a month after we filed the bankruptcy case. We are currently fighting this in the bankruptcy court and hope that our judge will conclude that a post-dated check given in exchange for a payday loan is nothing more than collateral that cannot be seized during the automatic stay. Washington is not in the Sixth Circuit, so we’re hopeful that the judge will not be guided by the Meadows decision and will recognize that the action taken by the payday lender was unlawful. We will keep you up to date and informed on how the case turns out.

A Big Step Forward on Predatory Lending Relief

Christina Latta Henry |  | Current Events, Foreclosure, Predatory Lending

Major news from Massachusetts this week, with the state’s Supreme Judicial Court upholding an injunction forbidding Fremont Investment & Loan from foreclosing on borrowers to whom it had issued what the court judged to be predatory loans. As Adam Levitin observes at Credit Slips (emphasis mine):

The Massachusetts Attorney General had argued that “a lender’s failure to reasonably assess a borrower’s ability to repay his loan and the use of loan features that predictably lead to foreclosure is unfair and deceptive and in violation of Massachusetts law.” More precisely, a consumer loan that is not intended to be repaid, but intended to be refinanced (a process that can only work if property values rise indefinitely) is inherently predatory. By upholding the preliminary injunction, the SJC endorsed this view and imposed a serious good faith workout effort on Fremont.

The decision by the court to recognize as inherently predatory a class of loans that are designed to be all but impossible for the borrower to pay off as structured can’t be emphasized enough. It’s beyond reasonable doubt at this point that the final years of the housing bubble were powered by increasing numbers of teaser-rate mortgages, especially in the option ARM or “pick-a-payment” space, that were never intended to be repayable by the borrower after the reset period. Even borrowers who aren’t currently upside down on such loans may encounter difficulty refinancing their way out if credit remains as tight as it has recently; those that can’t refinance often find their monthly payments doubling or worse. If the Massachusetts SJC’s interpretation of what constitutes an inherently predatory loan catches on in other states it could mean relief for thousands of distressed homeowners.

The Candidates on Predatory Lending

Christina Latta Henry |  | 2008 Election, Current Events, Predatory Lending

This is the fourth in a series of weekly posts examining the positions of the major presidential candidates on bankruptcy, debt, and personal finance issues. This week, we’ll look at the candidates’ positions on predatory lending practices that trap unsuspecting borrowers into expensive and unnecessary debt. (Many of the other issues covered in this series include predatory lending aspects as well, so consider reviewing the candidates’ positions on bankruptcy, foreclosure, and credit card issues for the full story.)

Barack Obama (Issues Page)

Senator Obama supports a 36 percent APR interest cap on consumer debt. This is an interesting position in light of his response to Hillary Clinton at a January 2008 debate, which I wrote about last week, in which he explained a 2005 vote against a 30 percent cap on interest rates for credit cards and other consumer debt by saying he thought 30 percent was too high. However, it’s worth pointing out that Obama discusses this 36 percent cap specifically in the context of payday loans, which can achieve APRs as high as 5000 percent—amounting to just a few dollars over the course of a typical payday loan, but quickly becoming ruinous for someone who becomes trapped in the cycle of taking out new loans to pay off old ones. Obama would also require lenders to provide borrowers with clear and simplified information about fees, payments, and penalties during the application process, to make it harder for lenders to use “fine print” against borrowers.

During the primary season, Americans for Fairness in Lending (AFFIL) asked the candidates to endorse its statement of principles demanding reform in the credit industry. Obama endorsed the statement on September 25, 2007, saying “I am proud to support the important efforts of [AFFIL] to empower more Americans in the fight against consumer fraud and abusive lending practices.”

John McCain

Senator McCain hasn’t addressed predatory lending specifically, earning blasts from the Obama campaign over what they characterize as his inaction on the issue. His mortgage proposals do include provisions for homeowner relief from unmanageable loans in some circumstances, and a task force to investigate and punish criminal wrongdoing in the mortgage industry.

For insight into a potential McCain administration’s possible attitude toward predatory lending, we might turn to his chief economic advisor, former Senator Phil Gramm. McCain, who told the Boston Globe last year that “the issue of economics is not something I’ve understood as well as I should,” has all but ceded control of his campaign’s economic message to Gramm (who was forced to resign as McCain’s campaign co-chairman last month after his “nation of whiners” remark, but still advises the campaign on economic issues). Gramm was a staunch opponent of predatory lending protections when he was in the Senate, blocking several efforts to rein in some of the lending industry’s more outrageous abuses. “In Washington the buzzword today is predatory lending,” the always-quoteworthy Gramm said in 2001, “but there are predatory borrowers.”

AFFIL has asked McCain to endorse its statement of principles, but he has not done so.

Coming next week: The Candidates on Student Loan Issues

Hot Potato

Christina Latta Henry |  | Credit, Current Events, Foreclosure, Predatory Lending

A few more highlights from the package of articles and features on the debt crisis from Sunday’s New York Times, which I first wrote about on Monday.

“Borrowers and Bankers: A Great Divide” is an analysis of the differences in how the federal government has responded to the financial woes of lenders and investors like Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac (bailouts) vs. those of ordinary borrowers (you’re on your own), and explains some of the reasons behind the discrepancy.

“Work Out Problems with Lenders? Try to Find Them” talks about something I’ve written about in the past: mortgages are sliced and diced into securities and traded among big investors so much that people who want to work out payment terms with their lender are having difficulty even figuring out who they should be contacting. (I would be remiss if I did not point out that a good bankruptcy attorney can help you with this!)

In fact, as Sunday’s front-pager notes, it’s not just mortgage lenders who have been securitizing and trading consumer debt in recent years: credit card issuers have gotten into the act as well. The result has been the creation of a system in which lenders increasingly don’t even care if borrowers will ever be able to pay their debts in full. Securitization allows lenders to see an immediate return on investment (ROI) for issued debt instead of waiting years for the borrowers to pay it off, but it also means that they’re far less concerned with ensuring that borrowers can pay their debts off in full over the long run—as long as borrowers remain current until the lender unloads their promissory note onto someone else, the theory goes, all is well.

The lending industry has become a huge, nationwide game of Hot Potato, which worked well enough in good economic times, but as the economy has faltered we’ve started to see some of the huge problems that exist with a lot of these loans, and the so-called subprime mortgage crisis is looking more and more like it’s just the tip of the proverbial iceberg.